115 research outputs found
Systemic risk assessment through high order clustering coefficient
In this article we propose a novel measure of systemic risk in the context of
financial networks. To this aim, we provide a definition of systemic risk which
is based on the structure, developed at different levels, of clustered
neighbours around the nodes of the network. The proposed measure incorporates
the generalized concept of clustering coefficient of order of a node
introduced in Cerqueti et al. (2018). Its properties are also explored in terms
of systemic risk assessment. Empirical experiments on the time-varying global
banking network show the effectiveness of the presented systemic risk measure
and provide insights on how systemic risk has changed over the last years, also
in the light of the recent financial crisis and the subsequent more stringent
regulation for globally systemically important banks.Comment: Submitte
Bounding robustness in complex networks under topological changes through majorization techniques
Measuring robustness is a fundamental task for analyzing the structure of
complex networks. Indeed, several approaches to capture the robustness
properties of a network have been proposed. In this paper we focus on spectral
graph theory where robustness is measured by means of a graph invariant called
Kirchhoff index, expressed in terms of eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix
associated to a graph. This graph metric is highly informative as a robustness
indicator for several realworld networks that can be modeled as graphs. We
discuss a methodology aimed at obtaining some new and tighter bounds of this
graph invariant when links are added or removed. We take advantage of real
analysis techniques, based on majorization theory and optimization of functions
which preserve the majorization order (Schurconvex functions). Applications to
simulated graphs show the effectiveness of our bounds, also in providing
meaningful insights with respect to the results obtained in the literature
Taxonomy of Cohesion Coefficients for Weighted and Directed Multilayer Networks
Clustering and closure coefficients are among the most widely applied
indicators in the description of the topological structure of a network. Many
distinct definitions have been proposed over time, particularly in the case of
weighted networks, where the choice of the weight attributed to the triangles
is a crucial aspect. In the present work, in the framework of weighted directed
multilayer networks, we extend the classical clustering and closure
coefficients through the introduction of the clumping coefficient, which
generalizes them to incomplete triangles of any type. We then organize the
class of these coefficients in a systematic taxonomy in the more general
context of weighted directed multilayer networks. Such cohesion coefficients
have also been adapted to the different scales that characterize a multilayer
network, in order to grasp their structure from different perspectives. We also
show how the tensor formalism allows incorporating the new definitions, as well
as all those existing in the literature, in a single unified writing, in such a
way that a suitable choice of the involved adjacency tensors allows obtaining
each of them. Finally, through some applications to simulated networks, we show
the effectiveness of the proposed coefficients in capturing different
peculiarities of the network structure on different scales
Community structure in the World Trade Network based on communicability distances
In this paper, we investigate the mesoscale structure of the World Trade
Network. In this framework, a specific role is assumed by short and long-range
interactions, and hence by the distance, between countries. Therefore, we
identify clusters through a new procedure that exploits Estrada communicability
distance and the vibrational communicability distance, which turn out to be
particularly suitable for catching the inner structure of the economic network.
The proposed methodology aims at finding the distance threshold that maximizes
a specific modularity function defined for general metric spaces. Main
advantages regard the computational efficiency of the procedure as well as the
possibility to inspect intercluster and intracluster properties of the
resulting communities. The numerical analysis highlights peculiar relationships
between countries and provides a rich set of information that can hardly be
achieved within alternative clustering approaches.Comment: 40 pages, 19 figure
Multi-criteria community detection in International Trade Network
Understanding the community structure has great importance for economic
analysis. Communities are characterized by properties different from those of
both the individual node and the whole network and they affect various
processes on the network. We combine community detection with specific
topological indicators. As a result, a new weighted network is constructed by
the original one, in which weights are determined taking into account all the
topological indicators in a multi-criteria approach. We introduce a new
algorithm to detect communities by solving the NP-hard CP-problem
The Effect of Non-Proportional Reinsurance: A Revision of Solvency II Standard Formula
Solvency II Standard Formula provides a methodology to recognise the risk-mitigating impact of excess of loss reinsurance treaties in premium risk modelling. We analyse the proposals of both Quantitative Impact Study 5 and Commission Delegated Regulation highlighting some inconsistencies. This paper tries to bridge main pitfalls of both versions. To this aim, we propose a revision of non-proportional adjustment factor in order to measure the effect of excess of loss treaties on premium risk volatility. In this way, capital requirement can be easily assessed. As numerical results show, this proposal appears to be a feasible and much more consistent approach to describe the effect of non-proportional reinsurance on premium ris
A cohort-based Partial Internal Model for demographic risk
We investigate the quantification of demographic risk in a framework
consistent with the market-consistent valuation imposed by Solvency II. We
provide compact formulas for evaluating inflows and outflows of a portfolio of
insurance policies based on a cohort approach. In this context, we maintain the
highest level of generality in order to consider both traditional policies and
equity-linked policies: therefore, we propose a market-consistent valuation of
the liabilities. In the second step we evaluate the Solvency Capital
Requirement of the idiosyncratic risk, linked to accidental mortality, and the
systematic risk one, also known as trend risk, proposing a formal closed
formula for the former and an algorithm for the latter. We show that accidental
volatility depends on the intrinsic characteristics of the policies of the
cohort (Sums-at-Risk), on the age of the policyholders and on the variability
of the sums insured; trend risk depends both on accidental volatility and on
the longevity forecasting model used
- …